RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito das substâncias antimitóticas colchicina e orizalina na indução de plantas tetraploides e na anatomia foliar de dois clones diploides de Solanum commersonii ssp. Segmentos nodais de Solanum commersonii subsp. commersonii Dun. e Solanum commersonii subsp. malmeanum Bitt. foram tratados com colchicina (3,5, 5,0 e 6,5mM; 72h) ou orizalina (10, 30 e 50µM; 24h). Após o tratamento com as substâncias antimitóticas, os segmentos nodais foram inoculados em meio de cultura MS e cultivados in vitro (60 dias). Após o cultivo in vitro, as plantas foram transferidas para vasos contendo o substrato Plantmax(r) e mantidas em casa de vegetação (45 dias). O nível de ploidia das plantas foi avaliado por citometria de fluxo e a anatomia foliar foi avaliada através de cortes anatômicos. Foi observado um aumento no diâmetro equatorial e polar dos estômatos ("efeito gigas") dos clones de Solanum commersonii subsp. commersonii (SCC) e Solanum commersonii subsp. malmeanum (SCM), que foi produzido pelo uso de substâncias antimitóticas. O tratamento com colchicina (6,5mM; 72h) e orizalina (50µM; 24h) causou morte nas plantas de SCC cultivadas in vitro. Nos demais tratamentos do clone de SCC, o uso de orizalina ou colchicina causou a produção de plantas quiméricas. O emprego de orizalina (10-50µM; 24h), nos segmentos nodais de SCM, resultou na obtenção de plantas tetraploides consistentes, as quais podem ser usadas nos programas para melhoramento genético em cruzamentos com a batata cultivada.

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the colchicine and oryzalin anti-mitotic substances on the induction of tetraploid plants and foliar anatomy of two diploids clones of Solanum commersonii ssp. Nodal segments of Solanum commersonii subsp. commersonii Dun. and Solanum commersonii subsp. malmeanum Bitt. were treated with colchicine (3.5, 5.0, and 6.5mM; 72h) or oryzalin (10, 30, and 50µM; 24h). After the treatment with anti-mitotic substances, nodal segments were inoculated in the MS culture medium and cultivated in vitro (60 days). After in vitro cultivation, the plants were transferred to vases with the substrate Plantmax(r) and kept in the greenhouse (45 days). Plant ploidy level was assessed by flow cytometry and leaf anatomy was assessed by anatomic cuts. An increase was observed in the polar and equatorial diameter of stomata ("gigas effect") of the Solanum commersonii subsp. commersonii (SCC) and Solanum commersonii subsp. malmeanum (SCM) clones, which was due to the use of the anti-mitotic substances. Treatments with colchicine (6.5mM; 72h) and oryzalin (50µM; 24h) caused death of the SCC plants cultured in vitro. In the others treatments of the SCC clone, the use of oryzalin and colchicine caused production of chimeric plants. The treatment of nodal segments of SCM with oryzalin (10-50µM; 24h) was effective on induction of tetraploid plants, which can be employed in genetic breeding programs in crossbreeding with cultured potato.